28 Calf – Gut Health diarrhoea PATHOGEN IMMUNE SYSTEM Common causes of diarrhoea: Viruses, bacteria and parasites Causes of infectious diarrhoea Infectious diseases arise when the balance between pathogens and the immune system is disrupted: either the immune system is weakened, or there are too many pathogens or they are too virulent. Risk factors for diarrhoea • Poor hygiene • Many calves in a confined space • Colostrum < 22% Brix • < 4 litres of colostrum in the first 6 hours of life • Stress (heat, draughts, etc.) Prevention • Hygiene • Colostrum management • Avoiding stress • Vaccination • Globulin (IgY) Coronavirus E. coli Rotavirus Cryptosporidium Salmonella typhimurium Salmonella Dublin Clostridia types A and C 01 07 14 21 28 90 frequently possible Development and causes Diarrhoea is among the most economically significant calf diseases. Diarrhoea is triggered by the interaction of infectious agents and management issues, such as feeding errors, hygiene problems and inadequate colostrum supply. In the first few weeks of life, diarrhoeal diseases account for around 75–80 per cent of all calf diseases (BOTHMER and BUDDE, 1992; BRÄNDLE, 2006). Day of Life
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MTUxMjAyMw==