7 Complications The impairment of the muscles and nerves caused by milk fever can affect a wide variety of areas in the cow’s body: If the skeletal muscles do not function properly, the cow may become unsteady on her feet or be unable to stand. Her unsteady gait means she is less likely to go to the feeding table, thereby reducing her feed intake. This leads to an energy deficit, fat breakdown and, ultimately, ketosis. The danger of injury also increases if the skeletal muscles do not function properly. The muscle at the end of the teat can also be affected by milk fever. If this muscle does not close properly, bacteria can enter the udder and cause mastitis. The entire digestive system relies on an adequate supply of calcium, as it consists of layers of muscle. If these do not function optimally, digestive problems may arise. This is also the cause of abomasal displacement. The uterine muscles are crucial for the course of labour and the expulsion of the afterbirth. If they do not function properly, this can lead to weak contractions and retained placenta. Possible consequences include uterine infections, birth injuries and fertility problems. These secondary conditions place a strain on and weaken the immune system. Pathogens therefore simply cause damage. This link is also suspected in the case of the hoof disease dermatitis digitalis (Mortellaro). Dairy cow – milk fever Uterine muscles • Difficult labour • Postpartum behaviour • Uterine inflammation Consequence: fertility problems Belly and intestinal motility • Displacement of the abomasum • Digestive problems Consequence: ketosis Skeletal muscles • Injuries • Unsteady movement Consequence: reduced feed intake Consequence: ketosis Teat sphincter • Mastitis
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